Thursday, September 10, 2009

List of Names

The Qur'an refers to the attributes of God as God's “most beautiful names” (Arabic: al-ʾasmāʾ al-ḥusnā) (see [Qur'an 7:180], [Qur'an 17:110], [Qur'an 20:8], [Qur'an 59:24]). According to Gerhard Böwering,

They are traditionally enumerated as 99 in number to which is added as the highest name (al-ism al-ʾaʿẓam), the supreme name of God, Allāh. The locus classicus for listing the divine names in the literature of qurʾānic commentary is [Qur'an 17:110], “Call upon God, or call upon the merciful; whichsoever you call upon, to him belong the most beautiful names,” and also [Qur'an 59:22] q 59:22-4, which includes a cluster of more than a dozen divine epithets.

Islamic theology makes a distinction between the attributes of God and the divine essence.

Below is a list of the 99 Names of God according to the tradition of Islam.

Arabic

Transliteration

Translation (can vary based on context)

الرحمن Ar-Rahmān The All Beneficent, The Most Merciful in Essence, The Compassionate, The Most Gracious
الرحيم Ar-Rahīm The Most Merciful, The Most Merciful in Actions
الملك Al-Malik The Owner, The Sovereign, The True and Ultimate King
القدوس Al-Quddūs The Most Holy, The Most Pure, The Most Perfect
السلام As-Salām The Peace and Blessing, The Source of Peace and Safety, The Most Perfect
المؤمن Al-Mu'min The Guarantor, The Self Affirming, The Granter of Security, The Affirmer of Truth
المهيمن Al-Muhaymin The Guardian, The Preserver, The Overseeing Protector
العزيز Al-ʿAzīz The Almighty, The Self Sufficient, The Most Honorable
الجبار Al-Jabbār The Powerful, The Irresistible, The Compeller, The Most Lofty, The Restorer/Improver of Affairs
المتكبر Al-Mutakabbir The Tremendous
الخالق Al-Khāliq The Creator
البارئ Al-Bāri' The Rightful
المصور Al-Muṣawwir The Fashioner of Forms
الغفار Al-Ghaffār The Ever Forgiving
القهار Al-Qahhār The All Compelling Subduer
الوهاب Al-Wahhāb The Bestower
الرزاق Ar-Razzāq The Ever Providing
الفتاح Al-Fattāh The Opener, The Victory Giver
العليم Al-ʿAlīm The All Knowing, The Omniscient
القابض Al-Qābiḍ The Restrainer, The Straightener
الباسط Al-Bāsiṭ The Expander, The Munificent
الخافض Al-Khāfiḍ The Abaser
الرافع Ar-Rāfiʿ The Exalter
المعز Al-Muʿizz The Giver of Honour
المذل Al-Mu'dhell The Giver of Dishonour
السميع As-Samīʿ The All Hearing
البصير Al-Baṣīr The All Seeing
الحكم Al-Ḥakam The Judge, The Arbitrator
العدل Al-`Adl The Utterly Just
اللطيف Al-Laṭīf The Gentle, The Subtly Kind
الخبير Al-Khabīr The All Aware
الحليم Al-Ḥalīm The Forbearing, The Indulgent
العظيم Al-ʿAẓīm The Magnificent, The Infinite
الغفور Al-Ghafūr The All Forgiving
الشكور Ash-Shakūr The Grateful
العلي Al-ʿAliyy The Sublimely Exalted
الكبير Al-Kabīr The Great
الحفيظ Al-Ḥafīẓ The Preserver
المقيت Al-Muqīt The Nourisher
الحسيب Al-Ḥasīb The Bringer of Judgment
الجليل Al-Jalīl The Majestic
الكريم Al-Karīm The Bountiful, The Generous
الرقيب Ar-Raqīb The Watchful
المجيب Al-Mujīb The Responsive, The Answerer
الواسع Al-Wāsiʿ The Vast, The All Encompassing
الحكيم Al-Ḥakīm The Wise
الودود Al-Wadūd Oft-Forgiving
المجيد Al-Majīd The All Glorious
الباعث Al-Bāʿith The Raiser of The Dead
الشهيد Ash-Shahīd The Witness
الحق Al-Ḥaqq The Truth, The Real
الوكيل Al-Wakīl The Trustee, The Dependable
القوى Al-Qawwiyy The Strong
المتين Al-Matīn The Firm, The Steadfast
الولى Al-Waliyy The Protecting Friend, Patron and Helper
الحميد Al-Hamid The All Praiseworthy
المحصى Al-Muḥṣi The Accounter, The Numberer of All
المبدئ Al-Mubdi' The Producer, Originator, and Initiator of All
المعيد Al-Muʿīd The Restorer, The Reinstater Who Brings Back All
المحيى Al-Muḥyi The Giver of Life
المميت Al-Mumīt The Bringer of Death, The Destroyer
الحي Al-Ḥayy The Ever Living
القيوم Al-Qayyūm The Self Subsisting Provider of All
الواجد Al-Wājid The Perceiver, The Finder, The Unfailing
الماجد Al-Mājid The Illustrious, The Magnificent
الواحد Al-Wāḥid The One, The Unique, Manifestation of Unity
الاحد Al-'Aḥad The One, the All Inclusive, The Indivisible
الصمد Aṣ-Ṣamad The Self Sufficient, The Impregnable,
The Eternally Besought of All, The Everlasting
القادر Al-Qādir The All Able
المقتدر Al-Muqtadir The All Determiner, The Dominant
المقدم Al-Muqaddim The Expediter, He Who Brings Forward
المؤخر Al-Mu'akhkhir The Delayer, He Who Puts Far Away
الأول Al-'Awwal The First (Alpha)
الأخر Al-'Akhir The Last (Omega)
الظاهر Aẓ-Zāhir The Manifest, The All Victorious
الباطن Al-Bāṭin The Hidden, The All Encompassing
الوالي Al-Wāli The Patron
المتعالي Al-Mutāʿali The Self Exalted
البر Al-Barr The Most Kind and Righteous
التواب At-Tawwāb The Ever Returning, Ever Relenting
المنتقم Al-Muntaqim The Avenger
العفو Al-ʿAfuww The Pardoner, The Effacer of Sins
الرؤوف Ar-Ra'ūf The Compassionate, The All Pitying
مالك الملك Mālik-ul-Mulk The Owner of All Sovereignty
ذو الجلال والإكرام Dhū-l-Jalāli
wa-l-'ikrām
The Lord of Majesty and Generosity
المقسط Al-Muqsiţ The Equitable, The Requiter
الجامع Al-Jāmiʿ The Gatherer, The Unifier
الغني Al-Ghaniyy The All Rich, The Independent
المغني Al-Mughni The Enricher, The Emancipator
المانع Al-Māniʿ The Withholder, The Shielder, the Defender
الضار Aḍ-Ḍārr The Distressor, The Harmer, The Afflictor
النافع An-Nāfiʿ The Propitious, The Benefactor
النور An-Nūr The One Who Creates the Light of Belief in the Hearts of All the Believers
الهادي Al-Hādi The Guide
البديع Al-Badīʿ The Incomparable, The Originator
الباقي Al-Bāqi The Ever Enduring and Immutable
الوارث Al-Wārith The Heir, The Inheritor of All
الرشيد Ar-Rashīd The Guide, Infallible Teacher and Knower
الصبور Aṣ-Ṣabur The Patient, The Timeless.

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