Verdict
of Disbelief against Hasan (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ)
Having heard this speech, the
Khawârij and the hypocrites spread the rumor in the camp that Hasan (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) wanted to enter into
peace with Mu'âwiyah (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ),
and they issued a verdict of blasphemy against him.
The verdict stirred the military
camp. Opinion was divided between his being a believer or a disbeliever. Very
soon the faction charging him with blasphemy dominated the scene and started
making their opponents victims of excesses of all kinds.
Many of them once entered the camp
and surrounded Hasan (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ)
on all sides calling him a disbeliever. They pulled his garments so violently
that they were torn into pieces. They also took away the mantle from his
shoulder and plundered the camp. Following this, Hasan (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) hurried to the Rabi'ah and Hamadân clans
on horseback and called on them for help as they were his supporters. They
helped him without delay and removed the detractors from the camp.
He left for Madâ'in afterwards.
Jarrâh bin Qabisah, a man from the Khawârij, struck him with his spear and
injured his thigh. He was brought into the white palace of Madâ'in where he
stayed and recovered his health. Qais bin Saad (رَضِيَ
ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) sent as the vanguard at the head of twelve thousand troops,
was surrounded by Mu'âwiyah (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ)
at Anbâr. He then sent Abdullah bin Âmir to Hasan (رَضِيَ
ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) on a peace mission at the head of the vanguard. After the
trouble in his camp, Hasan (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ)
had sent Abdullah bin Hârith bin Naufal to Mu'âwiyah (رَضِيَ
ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) for peace talk.
On being informed that Abdullah bin
Âmir had reached a little distance from Madâ'in at the head of a detachment,
Hasan (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) came out of Madâ'in
with his army. When Âdullah bin Âmir noticed troops coming from the opposite
direction, he drew near and called out the people of Iraq aloud and said,
"I have not come here for the sake of fighting. I am leading the vanguard
of Mu'âwiyah (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ)
who is halting at Anbâr with a big army. You convey my salutation to Hasan (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) and tell him that
Abdullah requests you by Allâh to stop fighting and save the people from death
and destruction."
When Hasan (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) heard this, he came back to Madâ'in and
sent his message to Abdullah that he was ready to make peace with Mu'âwiyah (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) and quit his office
of the caliphate in his favor on condition that he would stick to the Book and
the Sunnah and hold back from getting in the way of his opponents by setting
aside past activities and grant safety of life and property to his (Hasan's) supporters.
Abdullah bin Âmir rushed to
Mu'âwiyah (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) with these
conditions and told him that Hasan (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ
عَنْهُ) was ready to quit his post on certain conditions. On being
asked about the conditions, he said to Mu'âwiyah (رَضِيَ
ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ), "The first condition is that the caliphate will be
restored to him on your death. Secondly, an annual amount of five hundred
thousand from the public treasury will be paid to him while you are alive.
Thirdly, he will collect the tribute from Ahwâz and the Persian
territories."
These three rather hard conditions
were the making of Abdullah's own mind. Following these he placed before
Mu'âwiyah (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) the conditions,
which were actually put forward by Hasan (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ
عَنْهُ). Mu'âwiyah (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ)
very eagerly agreed to all and more than that. He is reported to have said,
"Hasan's intention appears fair and he seems to bring peace between two
factions of the Muslims." With this remark Mu'âwiyah (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) put down his signature on a blank piece
of paper and asked Abdullah bin Âmir to take that to Hasan (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) to write down all his conditions to be
fulfilled by me.
When Husain (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) and Abdullah bin Ja'far (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) came to know of this
development, they approached Hasan (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ
عَنْهُ) and tried to hold him back from the implementation of his
plan. But Hasan (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ)
declined their advice. He had watched the activities of the people of Iraq and
Kufah from the time of Ali (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ).
He was conscious of Mu'âwiyah's abilities in running the administration of his
territories and skill in statecraft. Therefore, he remained firm in his
determination to accept the peace offer.
Peace
Treaty
When Hasan saw the signed and
stamped paper brought by Abdullah bin Âmir from Mu'âwiyah (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ), he objected to the condition that the
caliphate would be restored to him after the demise of Mu'âwiyah (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ). He said, "I
strongly dislike the condition of my being chosen Caliph after Mu'âwiyah, if I
had a longing for the caliphate, why should I quit it now." Following this
he sent for the scribe and asked him to write the peace document in the
following words:
"This peace document is being
written between Hasan bin Ali bin Abu Tâlib and Mu'âwiyah bin Abu Sufyân. Both
of them agree on the following:
The office of the caliphate is
handed over to Mu'âwiyah bin Abu Sufyân. The Muslims will be at liberty to
elect a Caliph of their own choice after Mu'âwiyah. The Muslims as a whole will
remain safe from the hands and tongue of Mu'âwiyah and he will treat all with
grace. He will not stand in the way of Ali's relatives, and the supporter's of
Hasan and Husain bin Ali will not suffer at his hands. Both these brothers and
their relatives will be free to go anywhere and settle at any place. Mu'âwiyah
and his governors will not have the right to force them to carry out their
orders by treating them as their subjects. Mu'âwiyah is bound to keep sending
the tribute from Ahwâz to Hasan bin Ali, and the entire existing possessions of
the public treasury of Kufah will be within the rights of Hasan bin Ali and he
will be free to spend it at will. Mu'âwiyah should prefer Banu Hâshim in giving
gifts and rewards."
Some important people signed the
document like Abdullah bin Hârith bin Naufal and Amr bin Abu Salamah and others
as witness and surety. When the document was placed before Mu'âwiyah (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ), he expressed his
utmost joy over it. In the wake of this peace treaty, Mu'âwiyah (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) raised his siege and
left Qais bin Saad (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ)
free. Mu'âwiyah (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ)
then reached the Grand Mosque of Kufah and took Bai'ah from Hasan (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) and the people of
Kufah. But Saad bin Qais (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ)
remained absent from the mosque. Mu'âwiyah (رَضِيَ
ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) also sent him a piece of signed and stamped paper asking him
to put down his own conditions for taking Bai'ah, which would be totally
accepted. He demanded security of his life and those of his supporters without
asking for anything else. Mu'âwiyah (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ
عَنْهُ) conceded to it at once. Thereupon he and his comrades came and
took Bai'ah.
Husain (رَضِيَ
ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) refused to take Bai'ah. When Mu'âwiyah (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) pressed for it, Hasan (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) told him not to insist, for his pride was
dearer to him than taking Bai'ah. Mu'âwiyah (رَضِيَ
ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) kept silent. But Husain (رَضِيَ
ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) took Bai'ah later. Amr bin Al-Âs (رَضِيَ
ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) was present on that occasion. He advised Mu'âwiyah (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) to request Hasan (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) to deliver his
address before the audience. Mu'âwiyah (رَضِيَ
ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) liked the advice and in response to his request Hasan (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) said addressing the
people: "O Muslims! To me mischief is Here is the full text transcribed
from the provided images: highly detestable. I made peace with Mu'awiyah to
save the Ummah of my grandfather from tribulations and disturbances and
accepted him as commander and Caliph. Had the command and caliphate been his
right, he has got it; if it was mine, I bestowed it on him."
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