Qadah-e-Akhirah, Khuruj-e-Bisunihi, and the Thirty Wajibat of Salah

6. Qadah-e-Akhirah

After the completion of all Rak'āt of Ṣalāĥ, it is Farḍ to sit in Qa'daĥ for the amount of time in which complete Tashaĥhud (اَلتَّحِیّات) up to وَرَسُوْلُهٗ is recited. (Fatāwa-e-'Ālamgīrī, pp. 70, vol. 1) If the Muṣallī offering a four-Rak'at Farḍ Ṣalāĥ did not perform Qa'daĥ after the fourth Rak'at and has not yet performed the Sajdaĥ of the fifth Rak'at, he has to sit down. However, if he has performed the Sajdaĥ of the fifth Rak'at (or in case of Fajr, did not sit after two Rak'āt and did the Sajdaĥ of the third Rak'at or in case of Maghrib, did not sit after the third Rak'āt and did the Sajdaĥ of the fourth Rak'at) in all these cases, he should add one more Rak'at except Maghrib Ṣalāĥ.

(Ghunyaĥ, pp. 290)

صَلُّوْاعَلَى الْحَبِيْب صَلَّى اللّٰهُ تَعَالٰى عَلَى مُحَمَّد

7. Khurūj-e-Bişun'iĥī

I.e. after the Qa'daĥ-e-Ākhīraĥ, deliberately saying Salām, talking or any other such act that finishes the Ṣalāĥ. However, if any other deliberate act except Salām was found, repeating such a Ṣalāĥ will be Wājib, and if any such act was found without intention, the Ṣalāĥ will become invalid.

(Baĥār-e-Sharī'at, pp. 516, vol. 1)

Thirty Wājibāt of Ṣalāĥ

1.     Uttering ' اَللّٰہُ اَکْبَر' for Takbīr-e-Taḥrīmaĥ.

2.     Reciting Sura-e-Fātiḥaĥ, a Sūrah, or one such Qurānic Āyaĥ that is equivalent to three small ones or three small Ayaĥs in every Rak'at of every Farḍ Ṣalāĥ accept the third and the fourth Rak'at of Farḍ Ṣalāĥ.

3.     Reciting Sura-e-Fātiḥaĥ before the Sūrah.

4.     Not reciting anything except 'آمِیْن' and 'بِسْمِ اللّٰہِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِیْمِ' between Alḥamd and the Sūrah.

5.     Doing Rukū' immediately after Qirā-at.

6.     Doing the second Sajdaĥ after the first one (in sequence).

7.     Maintaining Ta'dīl-e-Arkān, i.e. staying in Rukū', Sujūd, Qawmaĥ and Jalsaĥ for the amount of time in which 'سُبْحٰنَ اللّٰہ' can be uttered at least once.

8.     Qawmaĥ, i.e. standing erect after Rukū' (some people do not straighten their back after Rukū', it is the missing of a Wājib).

9.     Jalsaĥ, i.e. sitting upright between two Sujūd (some people do the second Sajdaĥ before they properly sit upright after the first one missing a Wājib. No matter how extreme hurry is, it is mandatory to sit straight or else the Ṣalāĥ will become Makrūĥ-e-Taḥrīmī and repeating such a Ṣalāĥ will be Wājib).

10. The first Qa'daĥ is Wājib even in a Nafl Ṣalāĥ (In fact, every Qa'daĥ in two Rak'at Nafl Ṣalāĥ is the 'last Qa'daĥ' and is, therefore, Farḍ; if someone did not do Qa'daĥ and stood up forgetfully and if he has not yet done Sajdaĥ of the third Rak'at, he must return and do Sajda-e-Sahw).

(Baĥār-e-Sharī'at, pp. 480, vol. 1)

If someone has done the Sajdaĥ of the 3rd Rak'at of Nafl Ṣalāĥ, now he has to complete the fourth Rak'at and do Sajda-e-Sahw. Sajda-e-Sahw became Wājib because although Qa'daĥ is Farḍ after every two Rak'at of Nafl Ṣalāĥ, the first Qa'daĥ turned into Wājib from Farḍ because of performing the Sajdaĥ of the third or fifth Rak'at.

(Ḥāshiya-tuṭ-Ṭaḥṭāvī Alā Marāqil Falāḥ, pp. 466)

11. Not reciting anything after Tashaĥhud in the first Qa'daĥ of Farḍ, Witr or Sunnaĥ-e-Muakkadaĥ Ṣalāĥ.

12. Reciting complete Tashaĥhud in both Qa'daĥ. If even one word is missed, Wājib will be missed and Sajda-e-Sahw will be Wājib.

13. If someone forgetfully recites اَللّٰھُمَّ صَلِّ عَلٰی سَیِّدِنَا مُحَمَّد or اَللّٰھُمَّ صَلِّ عَلٰی مُحَمَّد after Tashaĥhud in the first Qa'daĥ of Farḍ, Witr, and Sunnat-e-Muakkadaĥ, Sajda-e-Sahw will become Wājib; if someone says it deliberately, repeating the Ṣalāĥ will be Wājib.

(Dur-re-Mukhtār, pp. 269, vol. 2)

14. Saying the word 'اَلسَّلَام' when turning face to the right and left side is Wājib each time; saying the word 'عَلَیْکُم' is not a Wājib, it's a Sunnaĥ.

15. Uttering the Takbīr of Qunūt in Witr.

16. Reciting Du'ā-e-Qunūt in Witr.

17. The six Takbīrāt of both Eīd Ṣalāĥ.

18. Takbīr of Rukū' in the second Rak'at of both Eīd Ṣalāĥ and uttering the word 'اَللّٰہُ اَکْبَر' for it.

19. Imām's doing Qirā-at in such a loud voice (that at least three persons could hear) in Jaĥrī Ṣalāĥ such as the first two Rak'ats of Maghrib and 'Ishā and all the Rak'ats of Fajr, Jumu'aĥ, Eīdaīn, Tarāwīḥ and the Witr of Ramaḍān.

20. Doing Qirā-at with low volume in the "Sirrī Ṣalāĥ" such as Ẓuĥar and 'Aṣr.

21. Performing every Farḍ and Wājib in its prescribed order.

22. Doing Rukū' only once in each Rak'at.

23. Doing Sajdaĥ only twice in each Rak'at.

24. Not doing Qa'daĥ before the second Rak'at.

25. Not doing Qa'daĥ in the third Rak'at of a four Rak'at Ṣalāĥ.

26. Doing the Sajdaĥ of Tilāwat in case of reciting an Āyaĥ of Sajdaĥ.

27. Doing Sajda-e-Sahw if it has become Wājib.

28. Avoiding the pause for the amount of time in which Tasbīḥ (i.e. سُبْحٰنَ اللّٰہ) can be uttered three times in between two Farāiḍ, two Wājibāt or a Farḍ and a Wājib.

29. Muqtadī's remaining silent when the Imām is doing Qirā-at whether aloud or quietly.

30. Following the Imām in all Wājibāt except the Qirā-at.

(Baĥār-e-Sharī'at, pp. 517, 519, vol. 1)

(Dur-re-Mukhtār, pp. 184, 203, vol. 2)

(Rad-dul-Muḥtār, pp. 184, 203, vol. 2)

This section completes the structural framework of Ṣalāĥ by detailing its final Farḍ acts — the Qa'daĥ-e-Ākhīraĥ (last sitting) and Khurūj-e-Bişun'iĥī (deliberate exit) — followed by a comprehensive list of the Thirty Wājibāt. These Wājibāt cover everything from correct Takbīr and recitation sequence to maintaining Ta'dīl-e-Arkān, proper Qa'daĥ postures, and following the Imām correctly. Missing a Wājib unintentionally requires Sajda-e-Sahw, while deliberate omission requires repeating the Ṣalāĥ entirely. Understanding these rulings helps worshippers ensure their prayer is not only outwardly performed but structurally sound according to Ḥanafī fiqh, safeguarding its validity and full acceptance in the sight of Allāĥ عَزَّوَجَلَّ.