Tuesday, September 1, 2026

Tayammum: Adulthood Rulings, Book Etiquette, and the Farāiḍ & Sunan of Tayammum

When does a Child Reach Adulthood?

Boys are considered adult when they have their first nocturnal emission between the age of 12 and 15 years, and girls are considered adult when they have their first nocturnal emission between the age of 9 and

15 years. As soon as they reach adulthood, they are bound to act upon the laws of Sharī'aĥ. Hence in case of achieving adulthood by nocturnal emission, Ghusl becomes due on him/her. If no sign of adulthood appears, both (boy and girl) will be considered adult when they reach the age of complete 15 years according to Ĥijrī calendar.

(Fatāwā Raḍawiyyaĥ (Jad ūd), pp. 630, vol. 19)

Order of Placing the Books

1.     The Holy Qurān should be placed above all books, then the books of Tafsīr, Ḥadīš, Fiqĥ and other Islamic books be placed in that order.

(Baĥār-e-Sharī'at, pp. 326, vol. 1)

2.     Do not place any thing, even a pen, upon the books. Likewise, do not place any thing upon a baggage containing the (Islamic) books.

(ibid)

Using of Paper for Packaging

1.     It is prohibited to use pages of religious literature for packaging. Use of bed-sheets, dinner mats having prints of couplets or writings (e.g. name of company etc.) in any language is prohibited.

(Baĥār-e-Sharī'at, pp. 328, vol. 1)

2.     The alphabets of all languages should be valued. (For further details, please refer to the chapter "Faizān-e-Bismillāĥ" in the book 'Faizān-e-Sunnat')

3.     Usually, company labels are stitched at a corner of prayer mats. These should be removed.

The Image of Holy Ka'baĥ on Prayer Mats

In case of using prayer mats printed with images of the Holy Ka'baĥ or the sacred Green Dome, there is a risk of placing foot or knee on the sacred images while using them for prayers. Hence, use of such prayer mats is not suitable.

(Fatāwā-e-Aĥl-e-Sunnat)

A Cause of Satanic Whispers

Satanic whispers (Waswasaĥ) are caused by urinating in bathroom. Ḥaḍrat Sayyidunā 'Abdullah bin Mughaffal has narrated that the Holy Prophet صَلَّى اللّٰهُ تَعَالٰى عَلَيْهِ وَاٰلِهٖ وَسَلَّم laid down prohibition from urinating in bathroom and said, "No doubt, this usually causes Satanic whispers."

(Sunan Abū Dāwūd, pp. 44, vol. 1, Hadīš 27)

Tayammum (Wiping)

Farāiḍ of Tayammum

There are three Farāiḍ in Tayammum:

1.     Intention.

2.     Wiping hands on the entire face.

3.     Wiping both arms including the elbows.

(Baĥār-e-Sharī'at, pp. 353, 354, 355, vol. 1)

Ten Sunan of Tayammum

1.     Reciting بِسْمِ اللّٰہ

2.     Hitting the hands on the ground

3.     Moving the hands back and forth on the ground

4.     Keeping gap among the fingers

5.     Jerking the hands by hitting the base of one thumb against the other but taking caution not to make a clapping sound

6.     Wiping the face first and then the hands

7.     Wiping them one after the other without delay

8.     Wiping the right arm first and then the left arm

9.     Picking (doing Khilāl of) the beard

10. Picking (doing Khilāl of) the fingers if dust has reached (among the fingers). If dust has not reached e.g. if hands were hit (for Tayammum) on stone etc. carrying no dust, Khilāl of the fingers is Farḍ. There is no need to hit the hands on the ground again for Khilāl.

(Baĥār-e-Sharī'at, pp. 356, vol. 1)

Method of Tayammum (Ḥanafi)

Make Niyyat (intention) to perform Tayammum (Niyyat is the name of the intention of heart and pronouncing it verbally is better. For example, make intention in these words: I am performing Tayammum to purify myself from impurity and to make myself eligible for offering Ṣalāĥ). Read بِسْمِ اللّٰہ and, with fingers spread wide open, hit hands on some pure object that is earthen in nature (e.g. stones, limestone, bricks, walls, soil etc.) and drag the hands back and forth on that object. If hands become over-dusty, reduce excessive dust by jerking hands. Wipe entire face with hands such that no part of the face is left un-wiped; Tayammum will not be valid if even a part equivalent to a hair is left un-wiped. Again hit hands on that object like before and wipe both arms from the fingertips up to (and including) the elbows. A better way to do this is to first wipe right hand with inner side of four fingers of the left hand, leaving the left thumb, starting from exterior side of fingertips of the right hand and dragging on exterior side up to the right elbow. Then, wipe with palm of left hand from interior side of right elbow up to the right wrist dragging left palm on interior side. Finally, use the inside of the left thumb to wipe the back of the right thumb. The left arm should be wiped in the same manner using right hand.

And if wiping is done with palm and fingers jointly, Tayammum will still be valid whether traversing is done from fingers towards elbow or vice versa. But this would be contrary to Sunnaĥ. Tayammum does not require wiping of head and feet.

(Baĥār-e-Sharī'at, pp. 353, 354, 356, vol. 1)

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