Mubâhalah
This means mutual condemnation and
the asking of God's punishment to come down on the one who is false. The same
year a Christian deputation came from Najrân along with their chief Abdul-Masih
and bishop Abu Hârithah, they were 60 people with 24 from the distinguished
families. They entered the Prophet's Mosque and started bitter arguments.
Meanwhile, the earlier Verses of Sûrat Âl-Imrân and the Verse regarding
Mubâhalah were sent down. When the Prophet (صلى الله
عليه وآله وسلم) asked them to accept Islam, they showed rudeness. The Prophet (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) said, "Isa
(Jesus) was raised out of clay by Allâh like Adam." "No, Jesus was
the son of Allâh," they contended. The Prophet (صلى
الله عليه وآله وسلم) said, "If you are true in your claim
then come along to a field with me and my relatives, and both the parties shall
sit separately and say: 'May the torment of Allâh descend on the one who is a
liar'." Hearing this they kept silent. The next morning the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) took Ali, Fâtimah,
Hasan and Husain (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ)
with him and said to the Christians, "When I invoke Allâh to send down His
torment on the one who is telling a lie, you say, 'May it be so'." The
straightforwardness of the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وآله
وسلم) frightened them so much that they declared: "We don't
want to enter into Mubâhalah." "Accept Islam if you don't want
Mubâhalah, and become one with all the other Muslims," the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) said firmly.
"We don't accept this offer either," they replied. "Be ready
then to either pay the (Jizyah) tax or measure your swords with us."
"We shall pay the tax," they said. The Prophet (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) later said, "Had they accepted the
Mubâhalah, they would have been destroyed up to their hairs and nails."
When going back, they wished to have an escort sent with them. The Prophet (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) sent Abu Ubaidha bin
Al-Jarrâh (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) with them and, after
a short time, all the Christians became Muslims.
All the Yemenite tribes and their
ruler Badhân had already turned to Islam. The Prophet (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) had allowed his rule to continue intact,
but he died that year. Following this, he installed Shahr bin Badhân, Âmir bin
Shahr Hamdâni, Abu Musa Ash’ari (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ
عَنْهُ), Ali (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ)
bin Umayyah, and Mu'âdh bin Jabal (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ
عَنْهُ) as rulers of different parts of Yemen. Also Ali (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) was sent at the head of a few Companions
with the instructions that arms must not be raised against any unless it was
done by others first. He was sent with the sole purpose of collecting Zakât and
charitable donations.
The
Farewell Pilgrimage
These events were followed by the
month of Dhul-Qa'dah, 10 AH, when the Prophet of Allâh (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) set out on the journey to the House of
Allâh to perform Hajj. A large number of Companions accompanied him with a
hundred sacrificial camels. This caravan from Al-Madinah entered Makkah on
Sunday, Dhul-Hijjah 4. Ali (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ)
(رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) joined the caravan
from Yemen and performed Hajj with the Prophet (صلى
الله عليه وآله وسلم).
The
Farewell Address
On this occasion the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) taught his
Companions the rites of Hajj and delivered an address at Arafât. He said after
praising and glorifying Allâh: "O people! Behold I am not sure of meeting
you here next year or after that. O people! Your blood and your property are
inviolable like the sacredness of this day in this month in this city of yours.
Do no wrong to others lest you are wronged. The Devil has lost hope of ever
being worshipped by those who pray. However, he will be followed in lesser matters.
Therefore, you should shun his company. O people! You have rights on your
womenfolk and they on you. Be good to them. Behold! Whoever holds anything in
trust should return it to the person who has entrusted him with it. I leave
among you two things, one the Book of Allâh and the second is the Sunnah of His
Messenger. You will not go astray while you hold to the Book and the Sunnah.
You will be asked if I have conveyed the Message of Allâh and fulfilled the
mission?" "We testify that you have conveyed the Message of
Allâh," the Companions replied with one voice. The Prophet (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) said, "O Allâh!
Be Witness."
The Prophet (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) spoke addressing his Companions in words
and manner, which are used when bidding farewell or saying good-bye. This is
why this Hajj is called the Farewell Hajj (Hajjat-ul-Wada'). More than one
hundred thousand Muslims performed their Hajj that year under the guidance of
the Prophet of Allâh (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم).
That day he also said: "These are the best words ever spoken by any of the
Prophets: 'There is no true God except Allâh Alone, Who has no partner to Him,
all praise is due for Him, He has power on every thing'." On the day of
Arafât, the Prophet of Allâh (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم)
was still in Makkah when the following Verse was revealed:
"This
day, I have perfected your religion for you, completed my favor upon you, and
have chosen for you Islam as your religion." (5:3)
Most of the Companions appeared
jubilant at the revelation of the above Verse, for they thought that their
religion was perfected and completed. But a few among them, like Abu Bakr (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ), who had deeper insight
and wisdom, grew sad for the Verse indicated their separation from the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم), because the
existence of the Prophethood would no longer be required after the perfection
of the religion.
The
Consolation of Ali (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ)
(رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ)
During the Hajj some of the fellows
of Ali (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) who had been with him to Yemen complained
to the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم)
about Ali (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ). Some of the misunderstandings of the
people of Yemen had given rise to these misgivings. Addressing the Companions
at Ghadir Khum, the Prophet of Allâh (صلى الله عليه
وآله وسلم) said admiring Ali, "The one who is my friend is the
friend of Ali (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ)
and the one who is an enemy of Ali (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ
عَنْهُ) is my enemy." Following the address Umar (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) congratulated Ali (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) saying, "From this day on you are a
very special friend of mine." The Prophet (صلى
الله عليه وآله وسلم) then came back to Al-Madinah and his son
Ibrahim (رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ) passed away.
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